Meaning : An ancient region of Mesopotamia lying between the Euphrates delta and the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Desert. Settled in 1000 BC and destroyed by the Persians in 539 BC. Reached the height of its power under Nebuchadnezzar II.

Meaning : An ancient kingdom in southern Mesopotamia. Babylonia conquered Israel in the 6th century BC and exiled the Jews to Babylon (where Daniel became a counselor to the king).